It is the late 1790s. Smallpox is endemic in Europe.
In this debate, each team will represent a medical professional who is advocating for people to pursue a different course of treatment.
OG: Bloodletting.
- Hippocratic medicine teaches us that the body has four 'humours': black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood (corresponding with the four personality types). This has been accepted as far back as the Ancient Greeks and Romans. In the case of smallpox, the blood humour appears to be infected. The treatment is to remove some of the impure blood.
OO: Variolation.
- Variolation refers to inoculation by exposure to material from smallpox sores by scratching it into your arm or inhaling it through the nose. This is a new procedure that has some success, although it requires three months, so only the wealthy can do it. It infects people with a mild version of the virus and they appear not to get it again. This is advocated by the Princess of Wales, who even subjected her kids to it. However, she brought the idea back from her travels in Turkey; foreign medicine is viewed with suspicion.
CG: Vaccines.
- Vaccines are an even newer approach. They are based on treatment for a cow disease, which is disturbing, but they do appear to grant immunity. High public trust would be critical for its success. Unfortunately, the inventor, Dr Edward Jenner, is notorious for overhyping his product. For example, he has boasted of “lifelong” immunity, but it seems increasingly likely boosters are needed after some years.
CO: None of the above.
- There is a high degree of uncertainty. Medical professionals should not take a public stance. People should decide freely for themselves. (The smallpox mortality rate at this time is about 30%.)
Note: This debate WHOLLY takes place within the late 1790s. The adjudicator is the average reasonable peasant.